Being an international student studying in the United States, have you ever heard about Optional Practical Training (OPT)? And do you know what it is, and how can it help your career?
If not then let us tell you, OPT is a great opportunity for international students to get practical experience in their field of study, but going through the whole process can be difficult sometimes.
So, in this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about OPT. We’ll cover what it’s for, who can apply, how to apply, and how to keep your status updated while using it.
Let’s begin!
What is OPT?
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a temporary employment authorization program for international students in the US. It lets the students work in their area of study for up to 12 months. Students in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) can extend this period by an extra 24 months.
OPT helps students move from school to work by letting them use what they’ve learned in class in real jobs. It’s a great way for students to get experience, build professional networks, and improve their resume.
Eligibility Criteria for OPT
It’s important for you to know if you’re eligible for OPT before you start the application process.
Here are the main eligibility requirements:
F-1 Student Status:
- You need to have a valid F-1 visa.
- You must have been a full-time student at a U.S. institution for at least one full academic year before applying for OPT.
Degree Program Completion:
- OPT is used after completing a degree program, but there’s also an option called pre-completion OPT for students who haven’t graduated yet.
- If you’re applying for post-completion OPT, you should be close to finishing your program or have already completed it.
Field of Study Alignment:
The job you plan to do must be directly related to your field. For example, an engineering student should work in an engineering-related field, not an unrelated area like retail.
Types of OPT
It’s important to know the different types of OPTs to plan your application and employment timeline.
Let’s have a detailed look:
Pre-Completion OPT:
- Purpose: Let students work while they are still studying for their degree.
- Work Hours: You can work up to 20 hours a week during the school term. You can work full-time in the school holidays.
- Duration: Any time you use for pre-completion OPT will reduce the 12 months you can use for post-completion OPT.
Post-Completion OPT:
- Purpose: This is the main type of OPT used after finishing your degree.
- Work Hours: You can work full-time (more than 20 hours a week).
- Duration: Generally, you can work for up to 12 months.
STEM OPT Extension:
- Eligibility: This is available for students who graduate in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics).
- Duration: Adds 24 more months to the standard 12 months, so you can work for up to 36 months in total.
- Requirements: You need to work for a company that uses E-Verify and follow extra reporting rules.
Application Process
Applying for OPT involves a few steps, and doing it correctly is important for an easy process.
Here’s a simple step-by-step guide:
Consult Your Designated School Official (DSO):
- Inform Your DSO: Tell your DSO, you want to apply for OPT. They will check if you’re eligible and help you through the process.
- I-20 Update: Your DSO will recommend OPT in the SEVIS system and give you a new I-20 with this recommendation.
Prepare Required Documents:
- Form I-765: The official Application for Employment Authorization.
- OPT I-20: Your updated I-20 with the DSO’s OPT recommendation.
- Supporting Documents: Passport copy, F-1 visa, and previous I-20s.
- Photos: Two recent passport-sized photographs that meet USCIS requirements.
- Proof of Degree Completion: Official transcripts or a letter from your school confirming your academic status.
- Fee Payment: You have to pay the application fee (currently $410, but it might change) to USCIS.
Submit Your Application to USCIS:
- Online or Mail Submission: You can either apply online or send your application by mail. Make sure to follow the instructions mentioned on the USCIS website.
- Double-Check Documents: Re-check all your documents to make sure they are correct and complete to avoid processing delays.
Wait for Your Employment Authorization Document (EAD):
- Processing Time: It normally takes 2 to 5 months for USCIS to process your application.
- Start Date: You cannot start working until you receive your EAD with the start date listed on it.
Did you know? The number of EADs approved has grown a lot in recent years. In 2019 alone, nearly 223,284 EADs were approved—the highest ever! This shows how important this document is for helping people work in the U.S.
Role of the Designated School Official (DSO)
Your DSO plays an important role in your OPT journey. Here’s how they can help you:
- SEVIS Updates: Your DSO will update your SEVIS record and give you the required I-20 form.
- Guidance: They will guide you on application timelines, reporting requirements, and regulatory compliance.
- Advocacy: If there are problems with your OPT application, your DSO can help you fix them.
- Communication: Keep in touch with your DSO regularly to make sure you’re doing everything correctly.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Making mistakes during the OPT process can cause delays or even rejection. Here’s what to be careful about:
- Missing Deadlines
- Incomplete Documentation
- Not Following USCIS Regulations
- Delaying DSO Communication
Finding Employment
Looking for a job during OPT can be tough, but these tips can help:
- University Career Services:
- Networking
- Online Job Boards
- Tailored Application Materials
- Interview Preparation:
- Maintaining OPT Status
Maintaining your OPT status is important to avoid problems. Here’s what you need to do:
- Reporting Requirements
- Avoid Unauthorized Work
- Stay Informed
- Planning for the Future
OPT is usually the first step to starting a long-term career in the US. Here are some ways to prepare for it:
- H-1B Visa Transition
- Further Education
- Long-Term Career Goals
Additional Considerations
- Tax Obligations
- Travel While on OPT
- Ethical Compliance
Final Thoughts
Optional Practical Training is a valuable opportunity for international students to get professional experience and start their careers. Even though the process might seem tough, good planning, paying attention to details, and using helpful resources can make it easier.
Make use of the help your school offers, keep up with the rules, and see your OPT experience as a chance to grow both professionally and personally. With the right mindset and preparation, OPT can help you reach your career goals in the U.S.